Oracle分区表基础知识培训

分区表基础知识培训,适合对分区表知识了解不多的朋友。

 

顺利在2月28日给客户单位的运维和开发部门做了关于分区表基础知识的培训, 大家提了不少值得思考的问题,Great!

 

 

 

有哪些功能是DBMS_STATS无法实现而Analyze命令可以做到的?

今天有同行问我DBMS_STATS与Analyze的区别, 我简单地介绍了一下DBMS_STATS提供了更丰富的功能,从8i开始推荐使用DBMS_STATS来完全替代Analayz Table/Index/Cluster 命令收集数据库中对象的统计信息。

 

之后他又问起我有那些功能是Analyze 命令可以做到,反而DBMS_STATS做不到的?

 

这个问题我倒是没有很系统地去考虑过, 闪过脑子的2个念头就是Analyze Table/Index validate structure 和  Analyze Table list chained rows into chained_rows 这2个命令。

 

Google了一下相关的信息,发现Asktom对这个已经讨论过了,从8i以后analyze被提名为具备”validate”验证功能的命令,主要负责验证表和索引的结构以及链式行(chained and migrated rows)信息; 而DBMS_STATS包负责统计信息的管理。

 

analyze is slated to do this and this alone at some time in the future.  analyze is destined to be
the “validate” thing — analyze validate structure, analyze list chained rows, etc.

dbms_stats will stick with stats and stats only.
http://asktom.oracle.com/pls/asktom/f?p=100:11:0::::P11_QUESTION_ID:735625536552

 

因为Oracle Development 开发部门已经给予 Analyze 命令较为精确地功能定位了,  所以其最主要的2个功能validate structure和list chained rows目前和将来都不会被植入到DBMS_STATS包当中。

 

Analyze validate structure 的主要语法包括:

 

@?/rdbms/admin/utlvalid.sql                  /* 创建存放验证信息的表 */
desc invalid_rows

ANALYZE INDEX <index_name>
[PARTITION <partition_name>]
[SUBPARTITION <subpartition_name>]
VALIDATE STRUCTURE CASCADE
INTO <table_name> <OFFLINE | ONLINE>

select * from index_stats;

ANALYZE TABLE <table_name>
[PARTITION <partition_name>]
[SUBPARTITION <subpartition_name>]
VALIDATE STRUCTURE CASCADE
[INTO <table_name>] <OFFLINE | ONLINE>

ANALYZE CLUSTER <cluster_name> VALIDATE STRUCTURE CASCADE
INTO <table_name> <OFFLINE | ONLINE>

 

 

补充:analyze index validate structure会填充index_stats视图,该视图包含了丰富的索引空间信息:

 

SQL> desc index_stats;

 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 HEIGHT                                             NUMBER
 BLOCKS                                             NUMBER
 NAME                                               VARCHAR2(30)
 PARTITION_NAME                                     VARCHAR2(30)
 LF_ROWS                                            NUMBER
 LF_BLKS                                            NUMBER
 LF_ROWS_LEN                                        NUMBER
 LF_BLK_LEN                                         NUMBER
 BR_ROWS                                            NUMBER
 BR_BLKS                                            NUMBER
 BR_ROWS_LEN                                        NUMBER
 BR_BLK_LEN                                         NUMBER
 DEL_LF_ROWS                                        NUMBER
 DEL_LF_ROWS_LEN                                    NUMBER
 DISTINCT_KEYS                                      NUMBER
 MOST_REPEATED_KEY                                  NUMBER
 BTREE_SPACE                                        NUMBER
 USED_SPACE                                         NUMBER
 PCT_USED                                           NUMBER
 ROWS_PER_KEY                                       NUMBER
 BLKS_GETS_PER_ACCESS                               NUMBER
 PRE_ROWS                                           NUMBER
 PRE_ROWS_LEN                                       NUMBER
 OPT_CMPR_COUNT                                     NUMBER
 OPT_CMPR_PCTSAVE                                   NUMBER

 

但是请注意validate structure会锁住table/index/cluster等对象,对于在线业务可以考虑使用validate structure online在线验证方法,但是validate strucutre online也有它的缺点,那就是在线模式下结构验证命令将不填充索引的状态信息到index_stats视图。

 

Analyze list chained rows的主要语法包括:

 

@?/rdbms/admin/utlchain.sql

desc chained_rows

ANALYZE TABLE <table_name> LIST CHAINED ROWS
INTO <table_name>;

ANALYZE CLUSTER <cluster_name> LIST CHAINED ROWS INTO <table_name>;

 

注意因为DBMS_STATS仅仅收集对CBO有用的统计信息,所以一些空间使用情况信息和使用FreeList管理的信息都不会被收集,这些信息包括:

 

If statistics unrelated to the cost based optimizer are required, then these
must still be collected using the the ANALYZE command. These statistics include:

Space Usage information :

EMPTY_BLOCKS,
AVG_SPACE,
CHAIN_CNT

Information on freelist blocks

AVG_SPACE_FREELIST_BLOCKS,
NUM_FREELIST_BLOCKS

 

因为以上信息对于CBO计算成本并没有帮助,所以DBMS_STATS也就无意也无法收集它们,但是Analyze命令还是可以做到收集以上这些信息。

 

此外因为CBO其实并不会参考Cluster类型对象的统计信息来计算Cost成本,而是使用cluster中各个表的统计信息(DBMS_STATS does not gather cluster statistics, but you can use DBMS_STATS to gather statistics on the individual tables instead of the whole cluster. )
所以DBMS_STATS也不支持收集Cluster的统计信息。

 

这么总结一下,发现Analyze命令的独有功能还真不少,因为Oracle公司已经明确了Analyze作为”validate”验证命令的功能定位,且很多内部的工具和脚本仍在使用Analyze Table/Cluster/Index的特有功能,所以可以预期Analyze命令在未来的一段时间内也不会被废弃。

 

总结以上DBMS_STATS无法实现,而传统的Analyze命令可以做到的功能:

  1. Analyze validate structure 验证表、簇、索引的结构的完整性,使用cascade选项可以交叉验证表和索引的数据完整,online选项可以做到在线验证
  2. Analyze list chained rows 收集表、簇上的Migrated and Chained Rows链式或迁移行信息
  3. Analyze table compute statistics 收集表上的 empty_blocks、avg_space 空间使用信息
  4. Analyze Cluster 收集簇的信息,其实cluster上唯一可统计的信息是DBA_CLUSTERS.AVG_BLOCKS_PER_KEY(Number of blocks in the table divided by number of cluster keys) , 所以收集cluster的statistics意义不大

 

附Analyze命令的详细语法如下:

 

Syntax:

   ANALYZE TABLE tablename COMPUTE|ESTIMATE|DELETE STATISTICS ptnOption options
   ANALYZE INDEX indexname COMPUTE|ESTIMATE|DELETE STATISTICS ptnOption options
   ANALYZE CLUSTER clustername COMPUTE|ESTIMATE|DELETE STATISTICS options

ptnOption
   PARTITION (partion)
   SUBPARTITION (subpartition)

options
   VALIDATE STRUCTURE [CASCADE] [INTO tablename]
   LIST CHAINED ROWS [INTO tablename]
   COMPUTE|ESTIMATE STATISTICS FOR TABLE
   COMPUTE|ESTIMATE STATISTICS FOR ALL COLUMNS
   COMPUTE|ESTIMATE STATISTICS FOR ALL INDEXED COLUMNS
   COMPUTE|ESTIMATE STATISTICS FOR COLUMNS [SIZE int] column [SIZE int]

   When Estimating statistics you can optionally
    specify
    ... ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE n ROWS
    ... ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE n PERCENT

CBO为什么不走索引?

原帖是Itpub上的网友提出一个CBO为什么不走索引的问题, 该问题的演示如下:

 

SQL> create table maclean1 as select * from dba_objects;

Table created.

SQL> update maclean1 set status='INVALID' where owner='MACLEAN';

2 rows updated.

SQL> commit;                                       

Commit complete.

SQL> create index ind_maclean1 on maclean1(status);

Index created.

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('SYS','MACLEAN1',cascade=>true);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> explain plan for select * from maclean1 where status='INVALID';

Explained.

SQL> set linesize 140 pagesize 1400
SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display());

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 987568083

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation         | Name     | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |          | 11320 |  1028K|    85   (0)| 00:00:02 |
|*  1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| MACLEAN1 | 11320 |  1028K|    85   (0)| 00:00:02 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - filter("STATUS"='INVALID')

13 rows selected.

10053 trace 

Access path analysis for MACLEAN1
***************************************
SINGLE TABLE ACCESS PATH
  Single Table Cardinality Estimation for MACLEAN1[MACLEAN1]
  Column (#10): STATUS(
    AvgLen: 7 NDV: 2 Nulls: 0 Density: 0.500000
  Table: MACLEAN1  Alias: MACLEAN1
    Card: Original: 22639.000000  Rounded: 11320  Computed: 11319.50  Non Adjusted: 11319.50
  Access Path: TableScan
    Cost:  85.33  Resp: 85.33  Degree: 0
      Cost_io: 85.00  Cost_cpu: 11935345
      Resp_io: 85.00  Resp_cpu: 11935345
  Access Path: index (AllEqRange)
    Index: IND_MACLEAN1
    resc_io: 185.00  resc_cpu: 8449916
    ix_sel: 0.500000  ix_sel_with_filters: 0.500000
    Cost: 185.24  Resp: 185.24  Degree: 1
  Best:: AccessPath: TableScan
         Cost: 85.33  Degree: 1  Resp: 85.33  Card: 11319.50  Bytes: 0

可以从以上10053中看到因为没有直方图存在,所以这里的Density = 0.5 是从 1/ NDV 算得的
也就意味着粗糙的统计信息显示STATUS='INVALID"的数据行占总行数的一半,
所以优化器选择做全表扫描是有道理的

 

 

以上符合”STATUS”=’INVALID’ condition的只有2行,且status列上建有索引,同时也使用了dbms_stats包收集表和索引上的统计信息,照理说CBO因该选择INDEX Range ind_maclean1,而避免全表扫描,但实际优化器opitimizer没有这样做。

 

 

实际上这个问题和统计信息收集时是否收集直方图有关系,只要收集了直方图,那么优化器就会了解到status=’INVALID’条件仅有少量的card满足,具有良好的选择性:

 

[oracle@vrh4 ~]$ sqlplus  / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Mon Oct 17 19:15:45 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.2.0 - Production
CORE    11.2.0.2.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production

SQL> show parameter optimizer_fea

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
optimizer_features_enable            string      11.2.0.2

SQL> select * from global_name;

GLOBAL_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
www.askmac.cn  & www.askmac.cn

SQL> drop table maclean;

Table dropped.

SQL>  create table maclean as select * from dba_objects;

Table created.

SQL> update maclean set status='INVALID' where owner='MACLEAN';

2 rows updated.

SQL>  commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> create index ind_maclean on maclean(status);

Index created.

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('SYS','MACLEAN',cascade=>true, method_opt=>'FOR ALL COLUMNS SIZE 2');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

 

这里我们仅收集2个bucket的直方图, 就足以让优化器做出正确选择了。

得益于Quest公司的Guy Harrison所写的一个列出FREQUENCY直方图信息的脚本,以下为该脚本:

 

rem
rem Generate a histogram of data distribution in a column as recorded
rem  in dba_tab_histograms
rem
rem Guy Harrison Jan 2010 : www.guyharrison.net
rem
rem hexstr function is from From http://asktom.oracle.com/pls/asktom/f?p=100:11:0::::P11_QUESTION_ID:707586567563 

set pagesize 10000
set lines 120
set verify off

col char_value format a10 heading "Endpoint|value"
col bucket_count format 99,999,999 heading "bucket|count"
col pct format 999.99 heading "Pct"
col pct_of_max format a62 heading "Pct of|Max value"
rem col endpoint_value format 9999999999999 heading "endpoint|value" 

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION hexstr (p_number IN NUMBER)
    RETURN VARCHAR2
AS
    l_str      LONG := TO_CHAR (p_number, 'fm' || RPAD ('x', 50, 'x'));
    l_return   VARCHAR2 (4000);
BEGIN
    WHILE (l_str IS NOT NULL)
    LOOP
        l_return := l_return || CHR (TO_NUMBER (SUBSTR (l_str, 1, 2), 'xx'));
        l_str := SUBSTR (l_str, 3);
    END LOOP;

    RETURN (SUBSTR (l_return, 1, 6));
END;
/

WITH hist_data AS (
SELECT endpoint_value,endpoint_actual_value,
       NVL(LAG (endpoint_value) OVER (ORDER BY endpoint_value),' ') prev_value,
       endpoint_number,
       endpoint_number,
       endpoint_number
       - NVL (LAG (endpoint_number) OVER (ORDER BY endpoint_value), 0)
           bucket_count
FROM dba_tab_histograms
JOIN dba_tab_col_statistics USING (owner, table_name,column_name)
WHERE     owner = '&owner'
      AND table_name = '&table'
      AND column_name = '&column'
      AND histogram='FREQUENCY')
SELECT nvl(endpoint_actual_value,endpoint_value) endpoint_value ,
       bucket_count,
       ROUND(bucket_count*100/SUM(bucket_count) OVER(),2) PCT,
       RPAD(' ',ROUND(bucket_count*50/MAX(bucket_count) OVER()),'*') pct_of_max
  FROM hist_data;

WITH hist_data AS (
SELECT endpoint_value,endpoint_actual_value,
       NVL(LAG (endpoint_value) OVER (ORDER BY endpoint_value),' ') prev_value,
       endpoint_number,
       endpoint_number,
       endpoint_number
       - NVL (LAG (endpoint_number) OVER (ORDER BY endpoint_value), 0)
           bucket_count
FROM dba_tab_histograms
JOIN dba_tab_col_statistics USING (owner, table_name,column_name)
WHERE     owner = '&owner'
      AND table_name = '&table'
      AND column_name = '&column'
      AND histogram='FREQUENCY')
SELECT hexstr(endpoint_value) char_value,
       bucket_count,
       ROUND(bucket_count*100/SUM(bucket_count) OVER(),2) PCT,
       RPAD(' ',ROUND(bucket_count*50/MAX(bucket_count) OVER()),'*') pct_of_max
  FROM hist_data
ORDER BY endpoint_value;

 

使用该脚本,我们可以更直观的感受FREQUENCY直方图信息:

 

 

这里dbms_stats 包收集到的STATUS=’INVALID’ bucket count=9 percent = 0.04 ,可以和之后的10053 trace中的信息对比以下:

 

SQL> explain plan for select * from maclean where status='INVALID';

Explained.

SQL>  select * from table(dbms_xplan.display());

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
-------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3087014066

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                   | Name        | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |             |     9 |   837 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| MACLEAN     |     9 |   837 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN          | IND_MACLEAN |     9 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   2 - access("STATUS"='INVALID')

以上可以看到只要收集了直方图CBO就会认识到满足STATUS=’INVALID’的cardnality很少 , 该条件具有良好的选择性 ,使用index range scan而非Full table scan。

我们进一步来看看有直方图情况下的10053 trace:

SQL> alter system flush shared_pool;

System altered.

SQL> oradebug setmypid;
Statement processed.

SQL> oradebug event 10053 trace name context forever ,level 1;
Statement processed.

SQL> explain plan for select * from maclean where status='INVALID';

Explained.

SINGLE TABLE ACCESS PATH
  Single Table Cardinality Estimation for MACLEAN[MACLEAN]
  Column (#10):
    NewDensity:0.000199, OldDensity:0.000022 BktCnt:22640, PopBktCnt:22640, PopValCnt:2, NDV:2

  这里的NewDensity= bucket_count / SUM(bucket_count) /2

   Column (#10): STATUS(
    AvgLen: 7 NDV: 2 Nulls: 0 Density: 0.000199
    Histogram: Freq  #Bkts: 2  UncompBkts: 22640  EndPtVals: 2
  Table: MACLEAN  Alias: MACLEAN
 Card: Original: 22640.000000 Rounded: 9 Computed: 9.00 Non Adjusted: 9.00
  Access Path: TableScan
    Cost:  85.30  Resp: 85.30  Degree: 0
      Cost_io: 85.00  Cost_cpu: 10804625
      Resp_io: 85.00  Resp_cpu: 10804625
  Access Path: index (AllEqRange)
    Index: IND_MACLEAN
    resc_io: 2.00  resc_cpu: 20763
    ix_sel: 0.000398  ix_sel_with_filters: 0.000398
    Cost: 2.00  Resp: 2.00  Degree: 1
  Best:: AccessPath: IndexRange
  Index: IND_MACLEAN
         Cost: 2.00  Degree: 1  Resp: 2.00  Card: 9.00  Bytes: 0

 

上例中我们手动指定收集2 bucket的直方图后CBO优化器才能做出正确的选择,那么岂不是要人工干预来收集列的统计信息,默认的dbms_stats.DEFAULT_METHOD_OPT方式不能为我们提供有效的直方图收集方式吗?

实际上dbms_stats的自动决定直方图的收集与否及收集的桶数受到col_usage$基本中列充当predicate的历史记录影像,关于col_usage$详见<了解你所不知道的SMON功能(四):维护col_usage$字典基表>

 

假设在统计表上信息的dbms_stats存储过程执行之前,col_usage$中已经存有表上相关列充当predicate的记录,那么dbms_stats存储过程就会考虑为该列收集直方图信息, 如:

 

SQL> drop table maclean;

Table dropped.

SQL>  create table maclean as select * from dba_objects;

Table created.

SQL> update maclean set status='INVALID' where owner='MACLEAN';

2 rows updated.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> create index ind_maclean on maclean(status);

Index created.

使用dbms_stats默认method_opt收集maclean表

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('SYS','MACLEAN');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

@histogram.sql 

Enter value for owner: SYS
old  12:    WHERE owner = '&owner'
new  12:    WHERE owner = 'SYS'
Enter value for table: MACLEAN
old  13:      AND table_name = '&table'
new  13:      AND table_name = 'MACLEAN'
Enter value for column: STATUS
old  14:      AND column_name = '&column'
new  14:      AND column_name = 'STATUS'

no rows selected

因为缺少col_usage$列使用信息,所以依然没有收集status列的直方图

    declare
    begin
    for i in 1..500 loop
	execute immediate ' alter system flush shared_pool';
	DBMS_STATS.FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO;
    execute immediate 'select count(*)  from maclean where status=''INVALID'' ' ;
    end loop;
    end;
    /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select obj# from obj$ where name='MACLEAN';

      OBJ#
----------
     97215
SQL> select * from  col_usage$ where  OBJ#=97215;

       OBJ#    INTCOL# EQUALITY_PREDS EQUIJOIN_PREDS NONEQUIJOIN_PREDS RANGE_PREDS LIKE_PREDS NULL_PREDS TIMESTAMP
---------- ---------- -------------- -------------- ----------------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------
     97215          1              1              0                 0           0          0          0 17-OCT-11
     97215         10            499              0                 0           0          0          0 17-OCT-11

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('SYS','MACLEAN');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

@histogram.sql 

Enter value for owner: SYS
Enter value for table: MACLEAN
Enter value for column: STATUS

Endpoint        bucket         Pct of
value            count     Pct Max value
---------- ----------- ------- --------------------------------------------------------------
INVALI               2     .04
VALIC3           5,453   99.96  *************************************************

ORA-20001错误一例

一套11.1.0.7上的Oracle Application Object Library应用程序,在收集schema统计信息时出现了ORA-20001错误,具体错误日志如下:

SQL> exec fnd_stats.gather_schema_statistics('AP');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> show error
No errors.
============================================
Concurrent request error Log
------------------------------------
**Starts**14-APR-2011 02:20:53
**Ends**14-APR-2011 04:40:43
ORA-0000: normal, successful completion
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Start of log messages from FND_FILE
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
In GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS , schema_name= ALL percent= 10 degree = 8 internal_flag= NOBACKUP
stats on table AQ$_WF_CONTROL_P is locked 
stats on table FND_CP_GSM_IPC_AQTBL is locked 
stats on table WF_NOTIFICATION_OUT is locked 
Error #1: ERROR: While GATHER_TABLE_STATS:
object_name=AP.JE_FR_DAS_010***ORA-20001: invalid column name or 
duplicate columns/column groups/expressions in method_opt***
Error #2: ERROR: While GATHER_TABLE_STATS:
object_name=AP.JE_FR_DAS_010_NEW***ORA-20001: invalid column name or 
duplicate columns/column groups/expressions in method_opt***
Error #3: ERROR: While GATHER_TABLE_STATS:
object_name=AP.JG_ZZ_SYS_FORMATS_ALL_B***ORA-20001: invalid column name or 
duplicate columns/column groups/expressions in method_opt***
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
End of log messages from FND_FILE
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

经确认该问题由bug 7601966: GATHER SCHEMA STATS ON AP SCHEMA FAILS WITH ORA-20001: INVALID COLUMN NAME 引起,可以通过follow文档<Gather Schema Statistics fails with Ora-20001 errors after 11G database upgrade [ID 781813.1]>解决该问题。

滚动游标失效(Rolling Cursor Invalidations)

在Oracle 10g中DBMS_STATS包针对GATHER_TABLE/INDEX_STATS和DELETE_TABLE/INDEX_STATS等收集统计信息的存储过程提供了AUTO_INVALIDATE选项;
该参数允许用户指定是否让那些对统计信息有依存关系的游标失效,举例来说如果SQL游标涉及到的表,索引,列或固有对象的统计信息收到以上存储过程修改时,使用NO_INVALIDATE选项可以指定是否让这些受到影响的游标失效,何时失效。
NO_INVALIDATE选项可以有以下三种值:

  • TRUE : 不让相关游标失效
  • FALSE: 立即让相关游标失效
  • AUTO_INVALIDATE(default):让Oracle自己决定何时让游标失效。
--   no_invalidate - Do not invalide the dependent cursors if set to TRUE.
--      The procedure invalidates the dependent cursors immediately
--      if set to FALSE.
--      Use DBMS_STATS.AUTO_INVALIDATE to have oracle decide when to
--      invalidate dependend cursors. This is the default. The default
--      can be changed using set_param procedure.

当统计信息为DBMS_STATS包所修改,新的尚未在共享池中缓存的游标将直接使用这些统计信息; 对于已经存在的共享池中游标缓存,我们无法在原始子游标的基础上更新它们的执行计划;这些旧的子游标将被新的参考最新统计信息的子游标替代,这个过程包含一次硬解析以便获得新的优化树和执行计划;换而言之传统的立即游标失效(Immediate Cursor Invalidation)就是在统计信息更新后立即导致原始子游标的失效,而我们所说的滚动游标失效(Rolling Cursor Invalidations)是在统计信息成功更新的前提下保证原始子游标不立即失效;设想如果系统中有一张业务相关表,一旦我们更新了该表的统计信息可能导致大量共享失效,短期内硬解析将十分频繁并占用大量cpu,而且很多时候我们并不期望执行计划有显著变化;为了防止dbms_stats包统计信息时不要越帮越忙,就可以考虑到使用NO_INVALIDATE选项。

我们来看看RCI的具体表现:
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Gather DBMS_STATS Default parameter

What are the default parameter values ?

   select dbms_stats.get_param('cascade') from dual;
   select dbms_stats.get_param('degree') from dual;
   select dbms_stats.get_param('estimate_percent') from dual;
   select dbms_stats.get_param('method_opt') from dual;
   select dbms_stats.get_param('no_invalidate') from dual;
   select dbms_stats.get_param('granularity') from dual;


DEFAULT PARAMETER

DBMS_STATS.AUTO_CASCADE
NULL
DBMS_STATS.AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE
FOR ALL COLUMNS SIZE AUTO
DBMS_STATS.AUTO_INVALIDATE
AUTO

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