Oracle SQL Optimizer IN VS Exists Again

传统的SQL优化思想认为IN、Exists这2种写法不同数据量的环境中各擅胜场,Developer应当根据实际情况合理运用IN或Exists。

实际我认为,这种认识对于现代SQL优化器Optimizer(10g以后)不再适用。 CBO优化器中本身包含了查询转换(Query Transformation)的功能。

为什么CBO要做查询转换(Query Transformation)?

回答: 用户提交给SQL引擎的语句可能不是执行查询最有效的语句

查询转换(Query Transformation)做了什么?

回答: 查询转换按照固定的语法将语句重写为等意的SQL,但是优化了其SQL结构

查询转换(Query Transformation)包括启发式地查询转换和基于成本的查询转换。

对于IN、Exists , CBO optimizer 的查询装换效果如何?:

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
CORE    11.2.0.3.0      Production
TNS for 64-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production

SQL> select count(1) from joinA A where A.CUST_ID in ( select B.cust_id from joinb  B where B.CUST_FIRST_NAME like 'C%');

  COUNT(1)
----------
     39381

SQL> alter system flush shared_pool;

System altered.

SQL> alter system flush shared_pool;

System altered.

SQL> alter session set events '10053 trace name context forever,level 1';

Session altered.

SQL> select count(1) from joinA A where A.CUST_ID in ( select B.cust_id from joinb  B where B.CUST_FIRST_NAME like 'C%');

  COUNT(1)
----------
     39381

SQL> oradebug setmypid
Statement processed.
SQL> oradebug tracefile_name
D:\APP\ML\diag\rdbms\testem\testem\trace\testem_ora_6776.trc

Final query after transformations:******* UNPARSED QUERY IS *******
SELECT COUNT(*) "COUNT(1)"
  FROM (SELECT "B"."CUST_ID" "CUST_ID"
          FROM "SYS"."JOINB" "B"
         WHERE "B"."CUST_FIRST_NAME" LIKE 'C%') "VW_NSO_1",
       "SYS"."JOINA" "A"
 WHERE "A"."CUST_ID" = "VW_NSO_1"."CUST_ID"

kkoqbc: optimizing query block SEL$683B0107 (#2)

SQL> alter session set events '10053 trace name context forever,level 1';

Session altered.

SQL> select count(1) from joinA A where exists ( select 1  from joinb  B where B.CUST_FIRST_NAME like 'C%' and B.cust_id=A.cust_id  );

  COUNT(1)
----------
     39381

Final query after transformations:******* UNPARSED QUERY IS *******

SELECT COUNT(*) "COUNT(1)"
  FROM (SELECT "B"."CUST_ID" "ITEM_1"
          FROM "SYS"."JOINB" "B"
         WHERE "B"."CUST_FIRST_NAME" LIKE 'C%') "VW_SQ_1",
       "SYS"."JOINA" "A"
 WHERE "VW_SQ_1"."ITEM_1" = "A"."CUST_ID"

 

 

 

如以上10053 trace 所显示 对于2个分别使用了IN和Exists的查询, CBO Optimizer查询转换后得到的结果十分类似:

IN:
SELECT COUNT(*) “COUNT(1)”
FROM (SELECT “B”.”CUST_ID” “CUST_ID”
FROM “SYS”.”JOINB” “B”
WHERE “B”.”CUST_FIRST_NAME” LIKE ‘C%’) “VW_NSO_1”,
“SYS”.”JOINA” “A”
WHERE “A”.”CUST_ID” = “VW_NSO_1″.”CUST_ID”

Exists:

SELECT COUNT(*) “COUNT(1)”
FROM (SELECT “B”.”CUST_ID” “ITEM_1”
FROM “SYS”.”JOINB” “B”
WHERE “B”.”CUST_FIRST_NAME” LIKE ‘C%’) “VW_SQ_1”,
“SYS”.”JOINA” “A”
WHERE “VW_SQ_1”.”ITEM_1″ = “A”.”CUST_ID”

CBO在完成Query transformations之后才会对转换后的语句进行APA(access path analysis)和后续的优化树构建、成本比较等等,一般来说如果你使用10g以后的CBO ,可以认为语义等价的IN或Exists在性能上也不会有太大的区别。

Comments

  1. slowsoul says

    请教ML,如果sql语句写法在exist 和表关联的情况比较下,是否总是选择表关联很好呢?因为之前遇到过同一张大表被exist 2次,效率极低导致cpu 100% like :

    select a.col_attr
    from slowsoul.big_table a, slowsoul.big_table t, slowsoul.big_table b
    where a.col_dishi = 11
    and t.col_dishi = a.col_dishi
    and a.col1 = t.col_attr
    and t.col1 = 1199300017720 — :col1
    and t.col_attid = ‘VNetProdcol1’
    and a.col_attid = ‘smpGroupid’ — :col_attid
    and a.col_attr is not null
    AND b.col_dishi = a.col_dishi
    and b.col1 = a.col1
    and b.col_attid = ‘ShortNumFlag’
    and b.col_attr = ‘1’;

    =========================2种写法
    select col_attr

    from slowsoul.big_table a

    where a.col_dishi = 12

    and EXISTS (select 1

    from slowsoul.big_table t

    where t.col_dishi = a.col_dishi

    and t.col1 = ‘12101517017’

    and col_attid = ‘VNetProdcol1’

    and t.col_attr = a.col1)

    and a.col_attid = ‘ShortNumFlag’

    and a.col_attr is not null

    AND EXISTS (select 1

    from slowsoul.big_table b

    where b.col_dishi = a.col_dishi

    and b.col1 = a.col1

    and b.col_attid = ‘ShortNumFlag’

    and b.col_attr = ‘1’);

  2. 我试了一下,在10.2.0.4中,trace文件中没有找到”Final query after transformations”
    在11.2.0.2 中有。的确如楼主所说。

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