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应用于:
Oracle数据库– 企业版– 10.2.0.1版本和更高版本
本文档中的信息适用于任何平台。.
目的
本文是为了教育目的:,以便对ASM工具有大概了解:KFOD,KFED,AMDU。
根据你的情况,Oracle Support可能会要求额外的或其他具体信息。.
Note 1345068.1 – Files for Upload When Creating ASM/Storage Service Requests
范围
ASM工具KFOD,KFED,AMDU使用的总体概述。
1. KFOD – 核心文件 OSM 磁盘
KFOD工具是用来模拟从操作系统层面的磁盘发现,在$ GRID_HOME/ bin目录(或者老版本中的ASM_HOME/ bin)中可以找到它。
注意:
1) KFOD在安装时才使用(由OUI,DBCA或ASMCA使用),以发现磁盘。
2)在安装失败的情况下,(例如 $ GRID_HOME/ bin不存在)KFOD可以在stage文件夹中找到: <stage_folder>/grid/stage/ext/bin/
这种情况下,你可能需要设置LD_LIBRARY_PATH到<stage_folder>/grid/stage/ext/lib。
Help screen can be seen using::
$> kfod help=y
_asm_a/llow_only_raw_disks KFOD allow only raw devices [_asm_allow_only_raw_disks=TRUE/(FALSE)]
_asm_l/ibraries ASM Libraries[_asm_libraries=’lib1′,’lib2′,…]
_asms/id ASM Instance[_asmsid=sid]
a/sm_diskstring ASM Diskstring [asm_diskstring=’discoverystring’, ‘discoverystring’ …]
d/isks Disks to discover [disks=raw,asm,all]
g/roup Group discover [group=controlfile]
n/ohdr KFOD header suppression [nohdr=TRUE/(FALSE)]
o/p KFOD options type [OP=DISKS/GROUPS/ALL]
p/file ASM parameter file [pfile=’parameterfile’]
s/tatus Include disk header status [status=TRUE/(FALSE)]
v/erbose KFOD verbose errors [verbose=TRUE/(FALSE)]
用于磁盘发现的常用语句是:
kfod status=TRUE asm_diskstring='<your_path_to_ASM_devices>’ disks=ALL
例
$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/u01/stage/11.2.0.1/grid/stage/ext/lib
$ /u01/stage/11.2.0.1/grid/stage/ext/bin/kfod status=TRUE asm_diskstring=’/dev/rdsk/*’ disk=all dscvgroup=TRUE
——————————————————————————–
Disk Size Header Path Disk Group User Group
================================================================================
1: 10040 Mb MEMBER /dev/rdsk/c0t600144F0E08ACF0000004C2F6FBB0005d0s1 DG oracle oinstall
2: 10040 Mb MEMBER /dev/rdsk/c0t600144F0E08ACF0000004C2F6FBC0006d0s1 DG oracle oinstall
3: 10142 Mb MEMBER /dev/rdsk/c0t600144F0E08ACF0000004C2F6FBE0007d0s1 DG oracle oinstall
4: 10142 Mb MEMBER /dev/rdsk/c0t600144F0E08ACF0000004C2F6FBF0008d0s1 DG oracle oinstall
5: 9734 Mb MEMBER /dev/rdsk/c0t600144F0E08ACF0000004C2F6FC00009d0s1 FRA oracle oinstall
——————————————————————————–
2. KFED – 核心文件元数据编辑器
KFED是个有用的工具,ASM磁盘组不能安装时,它可以分析ASM磁盘头信息。
Note 1180491.1 – KFED Tool For Windows OS.
Note 1346190.1 – KFED.PL for diagnosing – ORA-15036 ORA-15042 ORA-15020 ORA-15033
注意:
11.1以上的版本安装时就有KFED可执行; 而在旧版本上,则必须建立KFED。
但它不包含在软件的来源中,因此,直到GI安装完成才可用。
如果在GI安装之前你需要使用它,请参考下列文档
Note 1505005.1 – Where to find kfed utility before Oracle Grid Infrastructure is installed
Help screen can be seen using:
$>kfed help=y
as/mlib ASM Library [asmlib=’lib’]
aun/um AU number to examine or update [AUNUM=number]
aus/z Allocation Unit size in bytes [AUSZ=number]
blkn/um Block number to examine or update [BLKNUM=number]
blks/z Metadata block size in bytes [BLKSZ=number]
ch/ksum Update checksum before each write [CHKSUM=YES/NO]
cn/t Count of AUs to process [CNT=number]
de/v ASM device to examine or update [DEV=string]
dm/pall Don’t suppress repeated lines when dumping corrupt blocks [DMPALL=YES/NO]
o/p KFED operation type [OP=READ/WRITE/MERGE/REPAIR/NEW/FORM/FIND/STRUCT]
p/rovnm Name for provisioning purposes [PROVNM=string]
s/eek AU number to seek to [SEEK=number]
te/xt File name for translated block text [TEXT=string]
ty/pe ASM metadata block type number [TYPE=number]
读取ASM磁盘头常用的语句是:
$> kfed read <your_device>
例:
$> kfed read /dev/raw/raw1
kfbh.endian: 1 ; 0x000: 0x01
kfbh.hard: 130 ; 0x001: 0x82
kfbh.type: 1 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_DISKHEAD
kfbh.datfmt: 1 ; 0x003: 0x01
kfbh.block.blk: 0 ; 0x004: T=0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.block.obj: 2147483648 ; 0x008: TYPE=0x8 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.check: 2932902794 ; 0x00c: 0xaed08b8a
kfbh.fcn.base: 0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap: 0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1: 0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2: 0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.provstr: ORCLDISK ; 0x000: length=8
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[0]: 0 ; 0x008: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[1]: 0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[2]: 0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[3]: 0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[4]: 0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[5]: 0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.compat: 168820736 ; 0x020: 0x0a100000
kfdhdb.dsknum: 0 ; 0x024: 0x0000
kfdhdb.grptyp: 1 ; 0x026: KFDGTP_EXTERNAL
kfdhdb.hdrsts: 3 ; 0x027: KFDHDR_MEMBER
kfdhdb.dskname: ASM01_0000 ; 0x028: length=10
kfdhdb.grpname: ASM01 ; 0x048: length=5
kfdhdb.fgname: ASM01_0000 ; 0x068: length=10
kfdhdb.capname: ; 0x088: length=0
kfdhdb.crestmp.hi: 32837774 ; 0x0a8: HOUR=0xe DAYS=0x4 MNTH=0x4 YEAR=0x7d4
kfdhdb.crestmp.lo: 1555722240 ; 0x0ac: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x29c SECS=0xb MINS=0x17
kfdhdb.mntstmp.hi: 32837774 ; 0x0b0: HOUR=0xe DAYS=0x4 MNTH=0x4 YEAR=0x7d4
kfdhdb.mntstmp.lo: 1563864064 ; 0x0b4: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x1ab SECS=0x13 MINS=0x17
…
kfdhdb.ub4spare[60]: 0 ; 0x1d0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.acdb.aba.seq: 0 ; 0x1d4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.acdb.aba.blk: 0 ; 0x1d8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.acdb.ents: 0 ; 0x1dc: 0x0000
kfdhdb.acdb.ub2spare: 0 ; 0x1de: 0x0000
注意:
- 只有当设备是ASM磁盘组的一部分时,KFED会返回到可读输出。否则(如果该设备还没有被添加到磁盘组又或者磁盘不再有效)输出是这样的:
KFED-00322: Invalid content encountered during block traversal: [kfbtTraverseBlock][Invalid OSM block type][][0]
2) 若是非默认的AU大小,应在命令中指定它:
$> kfed read <your_device> AUSZ=<au_size>
3. AMDU – ASM 元数据转储工具
AMDU是一个实用程序,可以从一个或多个ASM磁盘提取所有可用的元数据,和/或生成个别块的格式化打印输出,该工具不需要安装任何磁盘组。
Oracle Support 可能会要求你提供AMDU输出,尤其是遇到ASM元数据相关的内部错误时。
注意:
11.1以上的版本安装时就有KFED可执行。虽然该工具是在11g版本上发行,但也可以在ASM10g上使用。
Note 553639.1 – Placeholder for AMDU binaries and using with ASM 10g
磁盘组相关的元数据转储的常用语句是:
$> amdu -diskstring ‘<your_path_to_ASM_disks>’ -dump ‘<diskgroup>’
注意:
每次执行AMDU,就会在当前位置创建一个目录,除非它被-directory参数覆盖。
该目录格式为amdu_YYYY_MM_DD_HH24_MM_SS
默认参数会生成下列文件:
<diskgroup>_0001.img – a exact dump of the content of the diskgroup ;size is limited to 2gb but can be more than one file
<diskgroup>.map – can be used to find the exact location of the ASM metadata on the disks
report.txt – include details about the disks scanned
REPORT.TXT文件显示,磁盘的盘头信息属于磁盘组,如下所示:
例:
$> amdu -diskstring ‘/dev/raw/raw*’ -dump ‘DG11’
——————————————————————————–
<report.txt content>
—————————– DISK REPORT N0003 —————————
Disk Path: /dev/raw/raw3
Physical Sector Size: 512 bytes
Disk Size: 977 megabytes
Group Name: DG11
Disk Name: DG11_0000
Failure Group Name: DG11_0000
—————————– DISK REPORT N0004 —————————
Disk Path: /dev/raw/raw4
Physical Sector Size: 512 bytes
Disk Size: 978 megabytes
Group Name: DG11
Disk Name: DG11_0001
Failure Group Name: DG11_0001
….
注意:没有Oracle Support的指导,使用上述工具时切勿使用选项,这样可能会损坏你的磁盘。
参考
NOTE:1345068.1 – Files for Upload When Creating ASM/Storage Service Requests
NOTE:1346190.1 – KFED.PL for diagnosing – ORA-15063 ORA-15042 ORA-15020 ORA-15033
NOTE:553639.1 – Placeholder for AMDU binaries and using with ASM 10g
NOTE:1505005.1 – Where to find kfed utility before Oracle Grid Infrastructure is installed.
NOTE:1180491.1 – KFED Tool For Windows OS.
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