Script:List Buffer Cache Details

以下脚本用于列出Oracle Buffer Cache的详细信息:

REM List Buffer Cache Details

SET LINESIZE 200 PAGESIZE 1400

SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH(o u) MERGE */
 DECODE(obj#,
        NULL,
        to_char(bh.obj),
        u.name || '.' || o.name) name,
 COUNT(*) total,
 SUM(DECODE((DECODE(lru_flag, 8, 1, 0) + DECODE(SIGN(tch - 2), 1, 1, 0)),
            2,
            1,
            1,
            1,
            0)) hot,
 SUM(DECODE(DECODE(SIGN(lru_flag - 8), 1, 0, 0, 0, 1) +
            DECODE(tch, 2, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0),
            2,
            1,
            1,
            0,
            0)) cold,
 SUM(DECODE(BITAND(flag, POWER(2, 19)), 0, 0, 1)) fts,
 SUM(tch) total_tch,
 ROUND(AVG(tch), 2) avg_tch,
 MAX(tch) max_tch,
 MIN(tch) min_tch
  FROM x$bh bh, sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u
 WHERE 
    bh.obj <> 4294967295
   AND bh.state in (1, 2, 3)
   AND bh.obj = o.dataobj#(+)
   AND bh.inst_id = USERENV('INSTANCE')
 AND o.owner# = u.user#(+)
--   AND o.owner# > 5
   AND u.name NOT like 'AURORA$%'
 GROUP BY DECODE(obj#,
                 NULL,
                 to_char(bh.obj),
                 u.name || '.' || o.name)
 ORDER BY  total desc 
 /
 
 
 COLUMN object_name FORMAT A30

SELECT t.name AS tablespace_name,
       o.object_name,
       SUM(DECODE(bh.status, 'free', 1, 0)) AS free,
       SUM(DECODE(bh.status, 'xcur', 1, 0)) AS xcur,
       SUM(DECODE(bh.status, 'scur', 1, 0)) AS scur,
       SUM(DECODE(bh.status, 'cr', 1, 0)) AS cr,
       SUM(DECODE(bh.status, 'read', 1, 0)) AS read,
       SUM(DECODE(bh.status, 'mrec', 1, 0)) AS mrec,
       SUM(DECODE(bh.status, 'irec', 1, 0)) AS irec
FROM   v$bh bh
       JOIN dba_objects o ON o.data_object_id = bh.objd
       JOIN v$tablespace t ON t.ts# = bh.ts#
GROUP BY t.name, o.object_name
order by xcur desc 
/


 
set pages 999
set lines 92
 
ttitle 'Contents of Data Buffers'
 
drop view buffer_map;
 
create view buffer_map as
select
   o.owner          owner,
   o.object_name    object_name,
   o.subobject_name subobject_name,
   o.object_type    object_type,
   count(distinct file# || block#)         num_blocks
from
   dba_objects  o,
   v$bh         bh
where
   o.data_object_id  = bh.objd
-- and  o.owner not in ('SYS','SYSTEM')
and
   bh.status != 'free'
group by
   o.owner,
   o.object_name,
   o.subobject_name,
   o.object_type
order by
   count(distinct file# || block#) desc
;
 
column c0 heading "Owner"                                    format a12
column c1 heading "Object|Name"                              format a30
column c2 heading "Object|Type"                              format a8
column c3 heading "Number of|Blocks in|Buffer|Cache"         format 99,999,999
column c4 heading "Percentage|of object|blocks in|Buffer"    format 999
column c5 heading "Buffer|Pool"                              format a7
column c6 heading "Block|Size"                               format 99,999
 
select
   buffer_map.owner                                          c0,
   object_name                                       c1,
   case when object_type = 'TABLE PARTITION' then 'TAB PART'
        when object_type = 'INDEX PARTITION' then 'IDX PART'
        else object_type end c2,
   sum(num_blocks)                                     c3,
   (sum(num_blocks)/greatest(sum(blocks), .001))*100 c4,
   buffer_pool                                       c5,
   sum(bytes)/sum(blocks)                            c6
from
   buffer_map,
   dba_segments s
where
   s.segment_name = buffer_map.object_name
and
   s.owner = buffer_map.owner
and
   s.segment_type = buffer_map.object_type
and
   nvl(s.partition_name,'-') = nvl(buffer_map.subobject_name,'-')
group by
   buffer_map.owner,
   object_name,
   object_type,
   buffer_pool
having
   sum(num_blocks) > 10
order by
   sum(num_blocks) desc
;

REM dbbuffer

select decode(pd.bp_id,1,'KEEP',2,'RECYCLE',3,'DEFAULT',
         4,'2K SUBCACHE',5,'4K SUBCACHE',6,'8K SUBCACHE',
         7,'16K SUBCACHE',8,'32KSUBCACHE','UNKNOWN') subcache,
         bh.object_name,bh.blocks
from x$kcbwds ds,x$kcbwbpd pd,(select /*+ use_hash(x) */ set_ds,
         o.name object_name,count(*) BLOCKS
         from obj$ o, x$bh x where o.dataobj# = x.obj
         and x.state !=0 and o.owner# !=0
         group by set_ds,o.name) bh 
where ds.set_id >= pd.bp_lo_sid
and ds.set_id <= pd.bp_hi_sid
and pd.bp_size != 0
and ds.addr=bh.set_ds;

column segment_name format a35
     select /*+ RULE */
       e.owner ||'.'|| e.segment_name  segment_name,
       e.extent_id  extent#,
       x.dbablk - e.block_id + 1  block#,
       x.tch,
       l.child#
     from
       sys.v$latch_children  l,
       sys.x$bh  x,
       sys.dba_extents  e
     where
       x.hladdr  = '&ADDR' and
       e.file_id = x.file# and
       x.hladdr = l.addr and
       x.dbablk between e.block_id and e.block_id + e.blocks -1
     order by x.tch desc 
/



with bh_lc as
       (select /*+ ORDERED */
          lc.addr, lc.child#, lc.gets, lc.misses, lc.immediate_gets,
          lc.immediate_misses, lc.spin_gets, lc.sleeps,
          bh.hladdr, bh.tch tch, bh.file#, bh.dbablk, bh.class,
          bh.state, bh.obj
        from
          x$kslld ld,
          v$session_wait sw,
          v$latch_children lc,
          x$bh bh
        where lc.addr =sw.p1raw
          and sw.p2= ld.indx
          and ld.kslldnam='cache buffers chains'
          and lower(sw.event) like '%latch%'
          and sw.state='WAITING'
          and bh.hladdr=lc.addr
       )
     select bh_lc.hladdr, bh_lc.tch, o.owner, o.object_name, o.object_type,
            bh_lc.child#, bh_lc.gets,
            bh_lc.misses, bh_lc.immediate_gets,
            bh_lc.immediate_misses, spin_gets, sleeps
     from
       bh_lc,
       dba_objects o
     where bh_lc.obj = o.object_id(+)
   union
     select bh_lc.hladdr, bh_lc.tch, o.owner, o.object_name, o.object_type,
            bh_lc.child#, bh_lc.gets, bh_lc.misses, bh_lc.immediate_gets,
            bh_lc.immediate_misses, spin_gets, sleeps
     from
       bh_lc,
       dba_objects o
     where bh_lc.obj = o.data_object_id(+)
  order by 1,2 desc
/

col class form A10 
select decode(greatest(class,10),10,decode(class,1,'Data',2 
            ,'Sort',4,'Header',to_char(class)),'Rollback') "Class", 
       sum(decode(bitand(flag,1),1,0,1)) "Not Dirty", 
 sum(decode(bitand(flag,1),1,1,0)) "Dirty", 
       sum(dirty_queue) "On Dirty",count(*) "Total" 
from x$bh 
group by decode(greatest(class,10),10,decode(class,1,'Data',2 
         ,'Sort',4,'Header',to_char(class)),'Rollback') 
/ 

Know more about Buffer Cache and Latch

We can examine X$BH table to obtain buffer header information,The BH stands for buffer header.

Structures that maintain a list of data buffer headers are called:Hash buckets.

Hash buckets are grouped by relative DBA and class number.
Hash chains list data buffer headers in one hash bucket.

Cache Recycle Pool For randomly accessed large tables

Default Pool For normally accessed tables

Keep Pool for frequently updated small tables

Set DB_BLOCK_LRU_LATCHES parameter to create multiple LRU lists.This parameter sets the number of latches,
and it is best used on a multi-CPU system.

DB_BLOCK_BUFFERS sets the number of buffers to allocate in the buffer cache.
DB_BLOCK_LRU_EXTENDED_STATISTICS is obsolete in Oracle8i.
DB_WRITER_PROCESSES sets the number of database writer processes.

Cache buffers LRU chain protects LRU lists.

The total number of working sets per instance is defined by DB_BLOCK_LRU_LATCHES. There is one latch per set.

The number of DBWR processes cannot be greater than the number of working sets.

Oracle get buffers as below steps:

  1. get a buffer descriptor
  2. specify a mode in which a buffer should be obtained
  3. scan the appropriate hash chain
  4. find the appropriate buffer in the chain or read from disk
  5. attach a state object to the buffer header

Buffers are initially hashed to LRU_AUX.This contains buffers that are candidates for reuse.
LRU_MAIN List houses buffers that are in use (pinned or dirty).
LRU_W List is the write list for dirty buffers.
LRU_XR List is the reuse range list for buffers that are to be written for reuse.

DBWR processes operate on working sets that are assigned to them in a cyclical manner.

There are three reasons may cause DBWR write buffers to disk:

  • To provide checkpoints
  • To do free requests
  • To do ping writes(obsolete)

The write batch size controls the number of asynchronous writes slots allocated to each DBWR.The write batch size controls the number of asynchronous writes slots allocated to each DBWR.

Two Most important DBWR statistics: DBWR make free request,DBWR lru scans 。

Two circumstances where DBWR purges dirty buffers whose DBA falls between the lowest and highest DBA of the datafiles:

  • ALTER TABLESPACE…BEGIN BACKUP
  • Make a tablespace read only

Of the nine latches that protect the buffer cache,the three that are most important:

  • Cache buffers lru chain
  • Cache buffers chains
  • Checkpoint queue latch

each of the fixed tables below with its purpose:

  • X$KCBWAIT         Wait statistics by block class
  • X$KCBFWAIT      Wait statistics by file id
  • X$KCBBHS              DBWR histogram statistics
  • X$KCBWBPD         Buffer pool descriptors

A target buffer cache hit ratio is above 90%.
But 60% could be a valid hit ratio for a DSS or Data Warehouse application.

Two primary events that relate to the buffer cache:

  • Buffer busy waits
  • Free buffer waits

We can use the views and table:V$SYSTEM_EVENT, V$WAITSTAT, and X$KCBFWAIT to determine the reason and block class for buffer busy waits.

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